• br Disclosure statement br Acknowledgements This research wa

  2020-11-25

  

  Disclosure statement Acknowledgements This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, NS046400 and AG022971 (SD), and a fellowship from the Korea Research Foundation, KRF-2007-357-E00016 (YTK). The authors thank Dr. Barbara Crain for assistance with the immunologi

• Repulsive interactions towards undesirable substrates are ar

  2020-11-25

  

  Repulsive interactions towards undesirable substrates are arguably a very efficient means to implement specificity [8]. In particular, it could be assumed that discrimination against a substrate that is larger than the cognate substrate may be achieved easily by restricting the active site and explo

• During the course of enzymatic digestion protein is digested

  2020-11-25

  

  During the course of enzymatic digestion, protein is digested into large peptides and these large peptides are then further digested into small fragments. αs1-Casein f15–39, which contains 25 amino akt inhibitor residues was the longest iTRAQ-labelled peptide identified in the samples digested with

• br Protein protein interactions of LEI L

  2020-11-25

  

  Protein-protein interactions of LEI/L-DNase II and the control of cell death Evolutionary tips The serpin inhibitory mechanism is extremely well adapted to evolutionary changes because a single amino Dextran sulfate sodium salt substitution in the RSL can led to the inhibition of a totally dif

• Introduction Collagen fibrillogenesis the assembly

  2020-11-25

  

  Introduction Collagen fibrillogenesis, the assembly of collagen fibers, is a critical process in the development, maturation, and repair of mammalian tissue. Alterations in the structure and amount of deposited collagen fibers can greatly alter the integrity of the whole tissue. Even a single point

• br Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin

  2020-11-25

  

  Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin biology has been rapidly expanding. The role of the ubiquitin system in the pathogenesis of numerous disease states has increased the interest in finding new strategies to pharmacologically interfere with the enzymes responsible of the ubiquitinatio

• br Results br Discussion The ubiquitin system

  2020-11-25

  

  Results Discussion The ubiquitin system has in recent years become an exciting area for drug discovery (Cohen and Tcherpakov, 2010), as multiple enzymatic steps within the ubiquitylation process are druggable. The potential of targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was first demonstrated i

• Recent studies have also uncovered

  2020-11-25

  

  Recent studies have also uncovered additional roles for E2 enzymes and E2~Ub conjugates in modulating the activity of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), such as OTUB1 (Juang et al., 2012, Wiener et al., 2013, Wiener et al., 2012). Interestingly, OTUB1 has also been shown to associate and modulate the

• The Wnt signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be respon

  2020-11-25

  

  The Wnt signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be responsible for a variety of biological processes. The three best-characterized Wnt signaling pathways are the canonical Wnt pathway, the noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway. The canonical Wnt/β-cat

• GLP also showed cardioprotective effects i

  2020-11-25

  

  GLP-1 also showed cardioprotective effects (i.e., infarct size reduction and ejection fraction improvement) in experimental models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing caspase-3 activation and preventing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes [[50], [51]]. Of note, such a cardioprotection w

• br Structural and biochemical features of

  2020-11-25

  

  Structural and biochemical features of pol X family polymerases The X-family DNA polymerase (polX) is specialized in DNA repair. This family is composed of four different DNA polymerases: pol β, pol λ, pol μ and TdT. Only three members of the polX family possess an N-terminal BRCT (BRCA1 carboxy-

• In the gel shown in Figure at early time points

  2020-11-25

  

  In the gel shown in Figure 8, at early time-points, 14% of the input dsDNA is converted to these intermediate species. These persist in the gel to later times, with approximately 50% of these being unwound. This unwinding occurs at a considerably slower rate and is due to that fraction of the popula

• DGK is also involved in cell differentiation Previously

  2020-11-25

  

  DGKδ is also involved in cell differentiation. Previously, to investigate the physiological roles of DGKδ, DGKδ-deficient mice have been generated. On the basis of the analysis of DGKδ-deficient mice, Crotty et al. reported that DGKδ regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway by a

• br Acknowledgments We thank Jon Clardy Juan Manuel Dom

  2020-11-25

  

  Acknowledgments We thank Jon Clardy, Juan Manuel Domínguez, José Francisco García Bustos, and the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase project team for their contributions, helpful advice, and discussions. Introduction Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) i

• Moreover maintaining the pyrimidine pool is not the

  2020-11-25

  

  Moreover, maintaining the pyrimidine pool is not the only important role played by DHODHs. In Toxoplasma gondii, for instance, DHODH plays a second essential function [38] possibly coupled to the mitochondrial respiratory activity, where it replenishes ubiquinol levels and prevents reactive oxygen s

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