• br Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor GPR

  2022-02-01

  

  Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor, GPR55, by lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) has been well documented, and implicated in endocannabinoid signaling [1]. Intracellular events resulting from GPR55 activation include; enhanced β-arrestin activity, calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 p

• To assess the roles of

  2022-02-01

  

  To assess the roles of GPR120 and GPR40 in malignant properties of pancreatic cancer cells, we generated GPR120 and GPR40 knockdown (PANC-sh120 and PANC-sh40, respectively) nmda receptor from PANC-1 (Fig. 2A). While no difference of cell growth rate between control PANC-RFP cells and PANC-sh120 cel

• br Material and methods br

  2022-02-01

  

  Material and methods Results Consistent with our previous study, SR-SIM and confocal microscopy showed a large number of IBA1-expressing dna methyltransferase in all parts of the human cochleae (Fig. 1). IBA1, the microglial and macrophage-specific calcium-binding protein, is involved in the

• br AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS br ACKNOWLEDGMENTS br Introduction C

  2022-02-01

  

  AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Introduction Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. Glycoprotein 120 (gp120) is an HIV-1 protein that can cause pain behaviors in animal models (Hao, 2013, Nasirinezhad et al., 2015,

• br Introduction Opioids have long been used in

  2022-02-01

  

  Introduction Opioids have long been used in pain management [1]. However, their non-medical use has grown rapidly in the last few years. Hydrocodone (HYD) is one of the most widely used short-acting opioids; with over 136.7 million prescriptions in 2011 [2]. HYD is a semi-synthetic opioid used fo

• The effects of galanin on anxiety may depend on the

  2022-01-31

  

  The effects of galanin on anxiety may depend on the site of drug administration, on the galanin receptor subtypes activated and on the animal models of anxiety employed (Barrera et al., 2005, Holmes and Picciotto, 2006, Soares et al., 2016a, Soares et al., 2016b). For instance, administration of gal

• Recent studies have elucidated a

  2022-01-31

  

  Recent studies have elucidated a profound role for FFA4 in modulation of metabolism and energy utilization as well as endocrine and immune function, and as a consequence, have thrust FFA4 to the forefront of drug discovery efforts. For example, activation of FFA4 by fatty epigallocatechin gallate o

• Thus aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction of

  2022-01-31

  

  Thus, aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction of F1,6-P2 synthesis is involved in the formation of the glyconeogenic or glycolytic complex, dependently on the physiological state of the cell. In the process of glycogen synthesis, the enzyme not only supplies the substrate for FBPase and desensit

• The product chain length determination mechanism

  2022-01-31

  

  The product chain-length determination mechanism of -prenyltransferases has not yet been elucidated, although mutational analyses of highly conserved residues and of characteristic amino streptozotocin residues in each subfamily of -prenyltransferases have enabled the understanding of the basic cata

• The present experimental study identified remarkable

  2022-01-31

  

  The present experimental study identified remarkable protective effects for celecoxib against renal toxicity caused by CSA. All aspects of CSA nephrotoxicity, functional, inflammatory, fibrotic, and structural, were improved by celecoxib. Mechanistically, pharmacological and immunostaining protein e

• The IN gene of the HIV isolate

  2022-01-31

  

  The IN gene of the HIV isolate from Papua (CRF01_AE isolate) contains genetic polymorphisms (Fig. 1A) that encode for variant amino acids in the IN protein, based on the Stanford HIVdb mutation interpretation database (Fig. 1B). These variations slightly changed the three-dimensional structure of IN

• In order to find better LODs

  2022-01-31

  

  In order to find better LODs, LOQs and peak shape researchers used different derivatization agents along with dansyl chloride. However, these procedures required longtime for sample preparation, low recovery, the chance of contamination; products instability and some reagents were unable to derivati

• Studies have demonstrated the paradoxical role of

  2022-01-31

  

  Studies have demonstrated the paradoxical role of HO-1 in tumorigenesis. At initial stages of carcinogenesis, it protects DNA by lowering the ROS-mediated mutational rate, but later, HO-1 promotes cancer cell survival and proliferation. One PDAC therapeutic strategy is to increase ROS production and

• Carbamazepine A more quantitative view of

  2022-01-30

  

  A more quantitative view of kinase specificity suggests a continuum of phosphorylation rates for the various substrates of a particular kinase (Figure 4A). Such differences in ‘substrate quality’ can arise from variations in phosphorylation site or docking sequences and may explain why the timing or

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-01-30

  

  Materials and methods Results Human adipocytes, differentiated from fibroblastic preadipocytes in culture, were incubated with IL-33 for either 3 or 24 h to examine acute and prolonged responses to the cytokine. Low, medium and high concentrations of IL-33 were employed. IL-33 had no significa

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