• Next we investigated the accumulation of H ribavirin in

  2022-07-27

  

  Next, we investigated the accumulation of [3H]-ribavirin in fresh villous fragments of human placenta, which provide a physiologically relevant, well-described and validated model for assessing drug interactions with ENTs [32], [35], [69], [70]. The uptake of [3H]-ribavirin was time-dependent and si

• Overall ABC transporters are hypothesised to prevent the pen

  2022-07-27

  

  Overall, ABC transporters are hypothesised to prevent the penetration of AEDs and other pharmacological compounds into the brain, being a hurdle for therapeutic delivery in neurological diseases. DRE is thought to be in part related to an increased expression of efflux transporters in the BBB, altho

• Increasing evidence has shown that

  2022-07-27

  

  Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate uptake leads to aberrant behavioral consequences. For example, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection or microinjection of the GLT-1 inhibitor, dihydrokainic angiopoietin (DHK), into the prefrontal cortex induces anhedonia [8,9]. Microinjec

• br Acknowledgements This research was funded by Ministry

  2022-07-27

  

  Acknowledgements This research was funded by Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE), and supported by the Department of Nutrition, Exercise & Sports, Department of Drug Design, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Malaysia. HPLC equipment used for high-resolution

• As our earlier study investigated glut mRNA

  2022-07-27

  

  As our earlier study investigated glut mRNA levels in response to a protein load contained in a meal and the studies that used glucose and insulin injections did not examine GLUT expression, this study sought to investigate the effects of hyperglycaemia and insulin on mRNA levels in the spiny dogfis

• Attempting to further elucidate the role of

  2022-07-27

  

  Attempting to further elucidate the role of Sumatriptan mg and activation of the Gcgr without the influence of GLP-1, we used DT-Gcg mice with acute knockdown of all proglucagon products. This mouse model has previously been shown previously to have a normal total islet area as well as β cell area

• br The actions of GLP on

  2022-07-27

  

  The actions of GLP-1 (9–36) on the vasculature/endothelium The previous sections have ascribed the vascular and/or endothelial actions of GLP-1/GLP-1R agonists to potential direct actions through a canonical GLP-1R, but as mentioned previously, whether VSMCs and ECs express a full-length GLP-1R r

• br Conclusion Our experiments have

  2022-07-27

  

  Conclusion Our experiments have confirmed the effects of fasting, DIO, and E2 on the expression of Ghsr, Npy, and Agrp in the ARC (Briggs et al., 2013, Briggs et al., 2010, Brown and Clegg, 2010, Coppola et al., 2007, Palou et al., 2009, Roepke et al., 2008, Verhulst et al., 2012). However, gene

• Here we used a designer receptors

  2022-07-27

  

  Here, we used a designer receptors activated exclusively by designer drugs (DREADD)-based chemogenetic approach in a novel Ghsr-IRES-Cre knock-in mouse line to test whether the activity of MBH GHSR neurons is required for the normal rebound food intake following fasting. We also used the Ghsr-IRES-C

• Formyl peptide receptors FPRs are a family

  2022-07-27

  

  Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a family of surface-expressed, G protein-coupled receptors [7]. The three members, FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3, share significant sequence homology, but have different functional properties [7]. While FPRs are mainly expressed by innate leukocytes, they are also found on

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-07-27

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion It is known that MAPKs and Akt signaling can regulate cell migration [[24], [25], [26]]. In this study we found that dTAT-WKYMVm stimulates ERK, p38 and Akt phosphorylation in naïve CD4 T cell (Fig. 3A). However their activation did not affect naïve

• Fmoc-Val-OPfp synthesis Recent evidence indicates that prolo

  2022-07-27

  

  Recent evidence indicates that prolonged vasoconstriction of conductance and resistance arteries involves VSMCs Fmoc-Val-OPfp synthesis polymerization, through activation of small GTPases [4] and a subsequently transition to a more solid rheology [5]. Actin polymerization occurs in two steps, nuclea

• Potential roles for S P in angiogenesis cancer and

  2022-07-26

  

  Potential roles for S1P in angiogenesis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases such as RA have been reported [73]. In RA synoviocytes, S1P has been shown to enhance expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-

• Acknowledgements br Introduction Histamine mediates various

  2022-07-26

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Histamine mediates various physiological functions and pathological actions through its interactions with histamine receptors that belong to the superfamily of seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (Haas et al., 2008). Four histamine receptor subty

• Benzene metabolism occurs primarily in

  2022-07-26

  

  Benzene metabolism occurs primarily in the liver where benzene is converted into phenol, catechol, hydroquinone (HQ). HQ is further converted to 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) in the bone marrow which is the primary organ of benzene toxicity (Bolton et al., 2000). 1,4-BQ is an important benzene metabolit

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