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Aspergillus nigerA niger is another filamentous fungus
2019-08-01

Aspergillus nigerA. niger is another filamentous fungus, in which alternative dehydrogenases have been described. Filamentous fungi are a very important group of microorganisms that are used in industry (O’Donnell et al. 2011). Biotechnological production processes using these organisms are often hi
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PF 1022A Soluble receptors have been shown to be important a
2019-08-01

Soluble receptors have been shown to be important and common regulators of many cytokines within the immune system, including IL-1, IL-6, IFNγ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, G-CSF and others (Fernandez-Botran, 1991, Heaney, Golde, 1998). We previously described a novel soluble receptor, sCSF-1R, that to date has o
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The corticotropin releasing factor CRF also referred to as
2019-08-01

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) also referred to as corticotropin-releasing hormone, is a key mediator of mammalian endocrine, behavioral, autonomic, and immune responses to stress (Vale et al., 1981, Owens and Nemeroff, 1991, Bale and Vale, 2004). Within the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
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Octyl-α-ketoglutarate In the case of ionic liquids the assoc
2019-08-01

In the case of ionic liquids, the association scheme should be determined and considered for calculations. H. Soltani Panah (2017) suggested the 2B scheme for the imidazolium-based ionic liquids. His speculation has been used in this study for the modeling [22]. Considering 2B association scheme, th
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In general we observed that
2019-08-01

In general, we observed that the enolase gene with highest mRNA levels was TVAG_043500, under all three iron concentration conditions. mRNA levels for this gene are very similar in normal and iron rich cultures (73.9 and 78.1 fold change, respectively), and higher in iron depleted cultures (118.3 fo
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Multiple protein species are known
2019-08-01

Multiple protein species are known to naturally exist for the transmembrane receptors DDR1 and DDR2. Five splice variants have been characterized for DDR1 (“a” through “e”). The d and e isoforms lack the intracellular kinase domain of DDR1. The splicing of DDR1 to various extents has been reported i
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Mouse Cyp a is a homologous
2019-08-01

Mouse Cyp3a11 is a homologous isoform of the human CYP3A4 gene, and both are highly expressed in the liver (Hart, Cui, Klaassen, & Zhong, 2009). CYP3A4 is the most abundant CYP450 in hepatic microsomes responsible for drug and xenobiotic metabolism (Zanger & Schwab, 2013), and it is the most active
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There is evidence that the response
2019-08-01

There is evidence that the response of CYP450 activity to DEX is species-specific. CYP1A and CYP3A expressions were strongly induced by DEX in porcine hepatocytes (Rasmussen et al., 2014) and in rat and human, but not minipig or beagle dog hepatocytes (Lu and Li, 2001). Within fish, there are also s
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br Conclusions Mulan is a mitochondrial E ubiquitin ligase w
2019-07-31

Conclusions Mulan is a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase with diverse roles in cell growth, cell death, and mitophagy. To better understand the mechanism of Mulan\'s function we used a modified yeast two-hybrid system to isolate proteins that interact with its cytoplasmic RING domain (amino acids
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To understand more clearly how these
2019-07-31

To understand more clearly how these activities are combined in the heterotrimeric enzyme and to understand more clearly how DNA alkylation might effect DNA helicase activity, we summarize the relevant features of the structure of RecBCD determined in the presence of DNA. The RecB and RecC subunits
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br Regulation of DGK activity Activation of the DGKs
2019-07-31

Regulation of DGK activity Activation of the DGKs is complex and unique for each DGK isotype. In most cases, DGKs must translocate to a membrane compartment to access DAG. However, translocation does not necessarily activate the enzyme [57]. In addition, DGK activity can be modified by other cof
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BR stimulated PA formation via the
2019-07-31

BR-stimulated PA formation via the DGK pathway might have many effects in regulation of cell metabolism. For example, PA originated from DGKs pathway plays important roles in activation of NADPH oxidases, thus turning on ROS signaling [23]. PA is also connected to regulation of respiration processes
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Our observation that FAK is downregulated in vascular
2019-07-31

Our observation that FAK is downregulated in vascular smooth muscle AdipoRon where on fibrillar collagen confirms observations reported for other cell types [14]. However, unlike the results reported previously [14], our work suggests that matrix rigidity per se does not determine FAK downregulatio
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In our preliminary evaluation of this series we were surpris
2019-07-31

In our preliminary evaluation of this series, we were surprised to discover that p38 inhibitor was found to bind CSF-1R in a classical DFG-in binding mode (a). Dramatic conformational differences in the juxtamembrane domain and activation loops are apparent when this DFG-in structure is compared wit
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2019-07-31

Materials and methods Results Discussion Consistent with previous reports (Barr et al., 2010, Vuong et al., 2010), the current study demonstrates that rats treated with amphetamine exhibit heightened anxiety states during withdrawal. Furthermore, icv. infusion of a CRF2 receptor antagonist
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